Bibliography

Minority culture and indigenous knowledge

Cao, Guangxia.

Centre for Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge (CBIK). 2002. Yunnan Environmental Development Program (YEDP): Policy Review and Institutional Capacity Analysis on Environmental Protection and Poverty Alleviation (Main Report). Kunming , Yunnan ; CBIK.

Foggin, Peter, Nagib Armijo-Hussein, Celine Marigaux, Hui Zhu and Zeyuan Liu. 2001. "Risk Factors and Child Mortality Among the Miao in Yunnan , Southwest China ." Social Science and Medicine 53: 1683-1696.

Hansen, Mette Halskov. 1998. "Fostering 'Love of Learning': Naxi Responses to Ethnic Images in Chinese State Education." In Reconstructing Twentieth-Century China : State Control, Civil Society, and National Identity , Brodsgaard, Kjeld Erik and David Strand, eds. Studies on Contemporary China . Oxford and New York : Oxford University Press, Clarendon Press.

Harris, Richard B. and Ma Shilai. 1997. "Initiating a Hunting Ethic in Lisu Villages , Western Yunnan , China ." Mountain Research and Development 17(2): 171-176.

Hill, Ann Maxwell. 1998. Merchants and Migrants: Ethnicity and Trade Among Yunnanese Chinese in Southeast Asia . New Haven , Conn. ; Yale Univsersity Southeast Asian Studies.

Liu, Hongmao, Zaifu Xu, Youkai Xu and Jinxiu Wang. 2002. "Practice Of Conserving Plant Diversity Through Traditional Beliefs: A Case Study In Xishuangbanna, Southwest China ." Biodiversity and Conservation 11(4): 705-713.

Long, Chun-Lin and Yilan Zhou. 2001. "Indigenous Community Forest Management of Jinuo People's Swidden Agroecosystems in Southwest China ." Biodiversity and Conservation 10(5): 753-767.

Abstract:

According to their traditional classification, the Jinuo's community forests consisted of watershed forest, auspicious forest, sacred forest, shellac forest, village/clan boundary forest, fire protection forest, burial forest and swidden fallow forest. Every type of forest was managed through traditional regulations. The village or clan headman and his assistant were the representatives to implement the traditional management system. Because it was popular with local villagers and there was strict punishment of offenders, the management system was effective. In recent years, the constantly changing forest management policies have not helped either to preserve biodiversity, or to develop forestry. Instead, forest ecosystems have been destroyed. After studying the community forests in the Jinuo community, the authors strongly recommend that the indigenous forest management system be strengthened. Modern forestry policy itself cannot implement sustainable, productive forestry and conserve biodiversity unless it is combined with the indigenous management system of the community.

McKhann, Charles F. 1995. "The Naxi and the Nationalities Question" in Cultural Encounters on China 's Ethnic Frontiers , Steven Harrell, ed. Seattle : University of Washington Press.

Mueggler, Erik. 1998. "The Poetics of Grief and the Price of Hemp in Southwest China ." Journal of Asian Studies 57(4): 979-1008.

Shen, Che. 1989. Life Among the Minority Nationalities of Northwest Yunnan . Beijing : Foreign Languages Press.

Wang, Li-song, Takao Narui, Hiroshi Harada, Chicita F. Culberson and William Louis Culberson. 2001. "Ethnic Uses of Lichens in Yunnan , China ." The Bryologist 104(3): 345-349.

Abstract:

In Yunnan Province China , ethnic peoples use five species of lichens as foods (Lobaria isidiophora, L. kurokawae, L. yoshimurae, Ramalina conduplicans, and R. sinensis) and five others as health-promoting teas (Lethariella cashmeriana, L. sernanderi, L. sinensis, Thamnolia vermicularis, and T. subuliformis). Local traditions concerning the use of these lichens are described, and the natural-product chemical constituents of each species are given.

Wu, David. 1990. "Chinese Minority Policy and the Meaning of Minority Culture: the Example of the Bai in Yunnan , China ." Human Organization 49(1): 1.

Xu, Jianchu, Jefferson Fox, Xing Lu, Nancy Podger, Stephen Leisz and Xihui Ai. YEAR? "Effects of Swidden Cultivation, State Policies, and Customary Institutions on Land Cover in a Hani Village , Yunnan , China ." Mountain Research and Development 19(2): 123-132.

Abstract:

A study of air photographs and satellite imagery of a Hani village (Mengsong) in southwestern Yunnan between 1965 and 1993 showed that swidden cultivation did not lead to permanent conversion of forest land to agriculture but rather a conversion of a fairly homogeneous secondary closed-canopy forest into a highly heterogeneous land cover of different stages of forest succession. An analysis showed a direct correlation between government policies on producing food from hilly lands and the destruction of forest cover. This analysis also showed that since the Household Responsibility System was introduced in late 1979, allowing farmers the right to decide where, what, and how much to plant, farmers have decreased the amount of land farmed and intensified their farming methods.