Bibliography

Institutional factors of conservation: local and central government and local communities

Crook, Frederick W. 1993. "Underreporting of China 's Cultivated Land Area: Implications for World Agricultural Trade." In China : Situation and Outlook Series: USDA International Agricultural Trade Reports. Washington , DC : US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

Eckholm, Erik. 2001. " A Holy Place in China Fights for Its Life, Body and Soul."
New York Times , June 10.

Guo, Xiaolin. 2001. "Land Expropriation and Rural Conflicts in China ." The China Quarterly 166: 422-439.

Jahiel, Abigail R. 1998. "The Organization of Environmental Projection in China ." The China Quarterly 156: 757-787.

Jahiel, Abigail R. 1997. "The Contradictory Impact of Reform on Environmental Protection in China ." The China Quarterly 149: 81-103.

Long, Chun-lin, Jefferson Fox, Xing Lu, Lihong Gao, Kui Cai and Jieru Wang. 1999. "State Policies, Markets, Land-use Practices, and Common Property: Fifty Years of Change in a Yunnan Village, China." Mountain Research and Development 19(2): 133-139

Abstract:

This paper investigates changes in land cover, land-tenure policies, and market pressures in Baka village, Yunnan Province , China . Before 1950 local farmers engaged in many forms of collective behavior including common property management, religious rites, and other activities led by clan leaders. Between 1950 and 1978 peoples' communes governed the management of most lands. All farming activities were organized, and the amount of land to be farmed was determined according to instructions from upper administration levels. The implementation of the Household Responsibility System after 1979 gave individual households greater incentives to produce cash crops. These changes caused a demise in the planting of traditional crops, increased differentiation between rich and poor, and a gradual decline in collective forms of land management.

Mueggler, Erik. 1992. "Money, the Mountain, and State Power in a Naxi Village ." Modern China 17(2): 188-226.

Abstract

Attempts to show that neither simply interpreting space as embodying conceptual structures nor analyzing its production and control as techniques of power is adequate to understand the daily experience of space. Studying daily life in Yulong, a Naxi village, and the town of Lijiang in China's northern Yunnan Province; Modes of producing, inscribing and interpreting space; Ideology and forms of power that sustain China's redistributive system.

Oi, Jean and Scott Rozelle. 2000. "Elections and Power: The Locus of Decision-Making in Chinese Villages." China Quarterly O(162): 513-539.

O'Brien, Kevin J. and Lianjiang Li. 1995. "The Politics of Lodging Complaints in Rural China ." The China Quarterly O (143) : 756-783.

Tisdell, C. A. 1995. "Issues In Biodiversity Conservation Including The Role Of Local Communities."  Environmental Conservation 22(3): 216-222, 228.

Tisdell, C. A. and Xiang Zhu. 1996. "Reconciling Economic Development, Nature Conservation And Local Communities: Strategies For Biodiversity Conservation In Xishuangbanna , China ." Environmentalist 16(3): 203-211.

Winkler, Daniel. 2002. "Participation in Forestry in Tibetan Southwest China : A Strategy to Resolve Resource Use Conflicts." Mountain Research and Development 22(4): 397-399.

Wood, H., M. McDaniel and K. Warner (Eds). 1995. "Community Development and Conservation of Forest Biodiversity through Community Forestry. Proceedings of an International Seminar held in Bangkok , Thailand , October 26-28, 1994." xiii + 346pp.

Wu, Fenshi. 2002. "New Partners or Old Brothers? GONGOs in Transnational Environmental Advocacy in China ." China Environmental Series 5: 45-58.

Yang, Qinye and Du Zheng. 1990a. "On altitudinal land use zonation of the Hengduan Mountain Region in Southwestern China ." GeoJournal 20(4): 369-374.

Yin, Runsheng. 1998. "Forestry and the Environment in China : the Current Situation and Strategic Choices." World Development 26(12): 2153-2167.

Abstract

Although China has recently expanded its forest area and inventory, it is still facing a severe resource crisis, featuring high demands for wood products and environmental services, a rapid depletion of natural forests, and poor quality of man-made forests. After analyzing the current situation, a new development strategy is presented for China 's forestry in this paper. According to this efficiency-based forestry division strategy, three interrelated types of forestry will emerge through more efficient management in the next 30 years: a strong commercial forestry sector including intensive forest plantations and an integrated processing industry, a well-established environmental forestry sector, and an extensive multiple-use forestry sector. Various policy changes for this new strategy are discussed.

Xu, Jianchu, Jefferson Fox, Xing Lu, Nancy Podger, Stephen Leisz and Xihui Ai. YEAR? "Effects of Swidden Cultivation, State Policies, and Customary Institutions on Land Cover in a Hani Village , Yunnan , China ." Mountain Research and Development 19(2): 123-132.

Abstract:

A study of air photographs and satellite imagery of a Hani village (Mengsong) in southwestern Yunnan between 1965 and 1993 showed that swidden cultivation did not lead to permanent conversion of forest land to agriculture but rather a conversion of a fairly homogeneous secondary closed-canopy forest into a highly heterogeneous land cover of different stages of forest succession. An analysis showed a direct correlation between government policies on producing food from hilly lands and the destruction of forest cover. This analysis also showed that since the Household Responsibility System was introduced in late 1979, allowing farmers the right to decide where, what, and how much to plant, farmers have decreased the amount of land farmed and intensified their farming methods.

Zhou, Haibo. 1996. "Special Revenue Sources and Their Impact on Yunnan Finances." Chinese Economic Studies 29(4): 82-90.